PyTorch

PyTorch is an open-source machine-learning framework that lets developers build, train, and deploy deep-learning models with Pythonic ease. Released by Facebook AI Research in 2017, it offers dynamic computational graphs—operations run immediately, so debugging feels like standard Python. Core components include torch.Tensor for GPU-accelerated arrays, the autograd engine for automatic differentiation, and torch.nn for stacking layers into neural networks. The ecosystem spans data loaders, distributed training via torch.distributed, quantization for edge devices, and TorchScript to export models to C++ or mobile. PyTorch backs breakthroughs in vision, NLP, and reinforcement learning, and serves production at Meta, Tesla, and OpenAI. Monthly releases ensure CUDA, ROCm, and Apple Silicon support, while the vibrant community supplies 90 000+ GitHub repos, pretrained models on Hugging Face, and libraries like FastAI and Lightning. By combining research flexibility with production tooling, PyTorch has become the go-to platform for modern AI.